1. Is VMware Kernel a Linux/Unix Kernel?
VMware Kernel is a Proprietary Kernel and is not based on any of the UNIX operating systems, it's a kernel developed by VMware Company.
2. Does the VMKernel boot by itself?
The VMKernel can't boot by itself, so it takes the help of the 3rd party operating system. In the case of VMware the kernel is booted by RedHat Linux operating system which is known as service console.
3. The service console is developed based up on Redhat Linux Operating system; it is used to manage the VMKernel
4. Which command is used to restart webaccess service on vmware?service vmware-webaccess restart – this will restart apache tomcat app
5. What is the command to restart ssh service on vmware?service sshd restart
6. What is the command to restart host agent(vmware-hostd) on VMware esx server?
service mgmt-vmware restart
7. What is the Path of the struts-config.xml?
/usr/lib/vmware/webAccess/tomcat/apache-tomcat-5.5.17/webapps/ui/WEB-INF/
8. What is the command to start the scripted install?
esx ks=nfs:111.222.333.444:/data/KS.config ksdevice=eth0
location device name
esx ks=nfs:111.222.333.444:/data/KS.config ksdevice=eth0
location device name
9. Virtual Network in Simple……………….
Virtual Nic(s) on Virtual Machine(s) ----->
Physical Nic on the ESX Server (Virtual Switch - 56 Ports) ----->
Physical Switch Port should be trunked with all the VLANS to which the VM's need access
All the ESX servers should be configured with Same number of Physical Nics (vSwitches) and Connectivity also should be same, So that vMotion succeeds.
All the Virtual Machines are connected to one vSwitch with Different VLANS, this means the Physical Nic(vSwitch) needs to be trunked with the same VLANS on the Physical Switch Port
Virtual Nic(s) on Virtual Machine(s) ----->
Physical Nic on the ESX Server (Virtual Switch - 56 Ports) ----->
Physical Switch Port should be trunked with all the VLANS to which the VM's need access
All the ESX servers should be configured with Same number of Physical Nics (vSwitches) and Connectivity also should be same, So that vMotion succeeds.
All the Virtual Machines are connected to one vSwitch with Different VLANS, this means the Physical Nic(vSwitch) needs to be trunked with the same VLANS on the Physical Switch Port
10 What are the three port groups present in ESX server networking?1. Virtual Machine Port Group - Used for Virtual Machine Network
2. Service Console Port Group - Used for Service Console Communications
3. VMKernel Port Group - Used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS Communications
2. Service Console Port Group - Used for Service Console Communications
3. VMKernel Port Group - Used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS Communications
11. What is the use of a Port Group?
The port group segregates the type of communication.
12. What are the types of communications which requires an IP address for sure?
Service Console and VMKernel (VMotion and iSCSI), these communications does not happen without an ip address (Whether it is a single or dedicated)
13. In the ESX Server licensing features VMotion License is showing as Not used, why?
Even though the license box is selected, it shows as "License Not Used" until, you enable the VMotion option for specific vSwitch.
14. How the Virtual Machine Port group communication works?
All the vm's which are configured in VM Port Group are able to connect to the physical machines on the network. So this port group enables communication between vSwitch and Physical Switch to connect vm's to Physical Machine's
All the vm's which are configured in VM Port Group are able to connect to the physical machines on the network. So this port group enables communication between vSwitch and Physical Switch to connect vm's to Physical Machine's
15. What is a VLAN?A VLAN is a logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP Traffic. For this to happen, the port must be trunked with the correct VLAN ID.
16. Does the vSwitches support VLAN Tagging? Why?Yes, the vSwitches support VLAN Tagging; otherwise if the virtual machines in an esx host are connected to different VLANS, we need to install a separate physical nic (vSwitch) for every VLAN. That is the reason vmware included the VLAN tagging for vSwitches. So every vSwitch supports upto 1016 ports, and BTW they can support 1016 VLANS if needed, but an ESX server doesn’t support that many VM’s.
17. What is Promiscuous Mode on vSwitch? What happens if it sets to accept?If the promiscuous mode set to Accept, all the communication is visible to all the virtual machines, in other words all the packets are sent to all the ports on vSwitch
If the promiscuous mode set to Reject, the packets are sent to inteded port, so that the intended virtual machine was able to see the communication.
18. What is MAC address Changes? What happens if it is set to accept?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow incoming traffic to the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the incoming traffic will be allowed to the VM.
19. What is Forged Transmits? What happens if it is set to Accept?When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address in the OS this setting does not allow outgoing traffic from the VM. So by setting Reject Option both MAC addresses will be remains same and the outgoing traffic will be allowed from the VM.
20. What are the core services of VC?
VM provisioning, Task Scheduling and Event Logging
21. Can we do vMotion between two datacenters? If possible how it will be?
Yes we can do vMotion between two datacenters, but the mandatory requirement is the VM should be powered off.
22. What is VC agent? What service it corresponds to? What are the minimum requisites for VC agent installation?VC agent is an agent installed on ESX server which enables communication between VC and ESX server. The daemon associated with it is called vmware-hostd, and the service which corresponds to it is called as mgmt-vmware, in the event of VC agent failure just a restart of the service by typing the following command at the service console helps. " service mgmt-vmware restart " VC agent is installed on the ESX server when we add it to the VC, so at the time of installation if you are getting an error like " VC Agent service failed to install ", check the /Opt size whether it is sufficient or not.
23. How can you edit VI Client Settings and VC Server Settings?Click Edit Menu on VC and Select Client Settings to change VI settings
Click Administration Menu on VC and Select VC Management Server Configuration to Change VC Settings.
24. What are the files that make a Virtual Machine?
.vmx - Virtual Machine Configuration File
.nvram - Virtual Machine BIOS
.vmdk - Virtual Machine Disk file
.vswp - Virtual Machine Swap File
.vmsd - Virtual Machine Snapshot Database
.vmsn - Virtual Machine Snapshot file
.vmss - Virtual Machine Suspended State file
.vmware.log - Current Log File
.vmware-#.log - Old Log file
25. What are the devices that can be added while the virtual Machine running?
In VI 3.5 we can add Hard Disk and NIC's while the machine running. In vSphere 4.0 we can add Memory and Processor along with HDD and NIC's while the machine running
26. How to set the time delay for BIOS screen for a Virtual Machine?
Right Click on VM, select edit settings, choose options tab and select boot option, set the delay how much you want.
27. What is a template?
We can convert a VM into Template, and it cannot be powered on once it’s changed to template. This is used to quick provisioning of VM's.
23. What to do to customize the windows virtual machine clone?
Copy the sysprep files to Virtual center directory on the server, so that the wizard will take the advantage of it.
24. What to do to customize the linux/unix virtual machine clone?
VC itself includes the customization tools, as these operating systems are available as open source.
25. Does cloning from template happen between two datacenters?
Yes... it can, if the template is in one datacenter, we can deploy the vm from that template in another datacenter without any problem.
26. What are the common issues with snapshots? What stops from taking a snapshot and how to fix it?
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's, then the snapshot failed. If it is mapped as virtual then we can take a snapshot of it.
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's as physical, you need to remove it to take a snapshot.
27. What are the settings that are taken into to consideration when we initiate a snapshot?
Virtual Machine Configuration (What hardware is attached to it)
State of the Virtual Machine Hard Disk file (To revert back if needed)
State of the Virtual Machine Memory (if it is powered on).
28. What are the requirements for Converting a Physical machine to VM?
An agent needs to be installed on the Physical machine
VI client needs to be installed with Converter Plug-in
A server to import/export virtual machines
29. What is VMWare consolidated backup?
It is a backup framework, which supports 3rd party utilities to take backups of ESX servers and Virtual Machines. It’s not a backup service.
30. To open the guided consolidation tool, what are the user requirements?
The user must be member of administrator, the user should have "Logon as service" privileges - To give a user these privileges, open local sec policy, select Logon as service policy and add the user the user should have read access to AD to send queries
31. Difference between HA and Vmotion?
VMotion and HA are not related and are not dependents of each other. DRS has a dependency on vMotion,but not HA. HA is used in the event that a hosts fails you can have your virtual machines restart on another host in the cluster. vMotion allows you to move a virtual machine from one host to another while it is running without service interruption. Ideally you will utilize vMotion, HA and DRS within your cluster to achieve a well balanced VI environment.
So HA fail over is not really seamless since you mentioned it has virtual machines restart on another host in the Cluster? No, your VM's will go down If there is a host failure and then HA will restart them on another ESX Host in the cluster. This is where DRS will take over and start to balance out the load across the remaining ESX Hosts in the cluster using vmotion.
VMotion and HA are not related and are not dependents of each other. DRS has a dependency on vMotion,but not HA. HA is used in the event that a hosts fails you can have your virtual machines restart on another host in the cluster. vMotion allows you to move a virtual machine from one host to another while it is running without service interruption. Ideally you will utilize vMotion, HA and DRS within your cluster to achieve a well balanced VI environment.
So HA fail over is not really seamless since you mentioned it has virtual machines restart on another host in the Cluster? No, your VM's will go down If there is a host failure and then HA will restart them on another ESX Host in the cluster. This is where DRS will take over and start to balance out the load across the remaining ESX Hosts in the cluster using vmotion.
32. What is DRS? DRS : Distributed Resource Scheduling (Youtube Video)
VMware DRS dynamically balances computing capacity across a collection of hardware resources aggregated into logical resource pools, continuously monitoring utilization across resource pools and intelligently allocating available resources among the virtual machines based on pre-defined rules that reflect business needs and changing priorities. When a virtual machine experiences an increased load, VMware DRS automatically allocates additional resources by redistributing virtual machines among the physical servers in the resource pool. VMware DRS allows IT organizations to:
• Prioritize resources to the highest value applications in order to align resources with business goals
• Optimize hardware utilization automatically and continuously to respond to changing conditions
• Provide dedicated resources to business units while still profiting from higher hardware utilization through
resource pooling.
• Conduct zero-downtime server maintenance
• Prioritize resources to the highest value applications in order to align resources with business goals
• Optimize hardware utilization automatically and continuously to respond to changing conditions
• Provide dedicated resources to business units while still profiting from higher hardware utilization through
resource pooling.
• Conduct zero-downtime server maintenance
* Lower power consumption costs by up to 20 percent.
33. What is HA? HA : High Availability (Youtube video)
vSphere High Availability (HA) delivers the availability needed by many applications running in virtual machines, independent of the operating system and application running in it. HA provides uniform, cost-effective failover protection against hardware and operating system failures within your virtualized IT environment.
- Monitors virtual machines to detect operating system and hardware failures.
- Restarts virtual machines on other physical servers in the resource pool without manual intervention when server failure is detected.
- Protects applications from operating system failures by automatically restarting virtual machines when an operating system failure is detected.
34. What is DPM in VMWARE? DPM : Distributed Power Management
VMware Distributed Power Management (DPM) is a pioneering new feature of VMware DRS that continuously monitors resource requirements in a VMware DRS cluster. When resource requirements of the cluster decrease during periods of low usage, VMware DPM consolidates workloads to reduce power consumption by the cluster. When resource requirements of workloads increase during periods of higher usage, VMware DPM brings powered-down hosts back online to ensure service levels are met. VMware DPM allows IT organizations to:
• Cut power and cooling costs in the datacenter
• Automate management of energy efficiency in the datacenter
• Automate management of energy efficiency in the datacenter
What is dvSwitch? Distributed vSwitch
It’s a new feature introduced in vSphere4.0.The configuration of vDS is centralized to vCenter. The ESX/ESXi 4.xand ESXi 5.x hosts that belong to a dvSwitch do not need further configuration to be compliant. Distributed Switches provide similar functionalities to vSwitches. dvPortgroups is a set of dvPorts. The vDS equivalent of portgroups is a set of ports in a vSwitch. Configuration is inherited from dvSwitch to dvPortgroup, like what happens for vSwitch/Portgroup. Virtual machines, Service Console interface (vswif), and VMKernel interfaces can be connected to dvPortgroups just as like they could be connected to portgroups in vSwitches Administrative rights are required to create the following virtual adapters on each ESX/ESXi host dvSwitch in vCenter:
It’s a new feature introduced in vSphere4.0.The configuration of vDS is centralized to vCenter. The ESX/ESXi 4.xand ESXi 5.x hosts that belong to a dvSwitch do not need further configuration to be compliant. Distributed Switches provide similar functionalities to vSwitches. dvPortgroups is a set of dvPorts. The vDS equivalent of portgroups is a set of ports in a vSwitch. Configuration is inherited from dvSwitch to dvPortgroup, like what happens for vSwitch/Portgroup. Virtual machines, Service Console interface (vswif), and VMKernel interfaces can be connected to dvPortgroups just as like they could be connected to portgroups in vSwitches Administrative rights are required to create the following virtual adapters on each ESX/ESXi host dvSwitch in vCenter:
- Service Console and VMKernel interfaces
- Physical NICs and their assignment to dvSwitch Uplink groups
What is FT in vmware? FT : Fault Tolerance for Virtual Machines
vSphere Fault Tolerance (FT) provides continuous availability for applications in the event of server failures, by creating a live shadow instance of a virtual machine that is in virtual lockstep with the primary instance. By allowing instantaneous failover between the two instances in the event of hardware failure, FT eliminates even the smallest chance of data loss or disruption.
What is vApps in vmware?
What is vSafe?
vmSafe : VMsafe's application programming interfaces are designed to help third-party vendors create virtualization security products that better secure VMware ESX, vShield Zones is a security tool targets the VMware administrator.
In other words VMware VMsafe™ is a program for integrating partner security solutions into VMware-virtualized environments, offering visibility, control and choice to customers. The result is an approach to virtualized security that provides customers with a choice of enhanced security and IT compliance solutions enabling comprehensive protection for virtual datacenters and cloud environments
What is vShields?
vShield : VShield Zones is essentially a virtual firewall designed to protect VMs and analyze virtual network traffic. This three-part series describes vShield Zones, explains how to install it and provides useful management tips.
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