Thursday, March 5, 2015

Windows XP Persistent Route

Windows XP Persistent Route

   The example below show step by step to add persistent route or some say permanent static route on the Windows XP computer, the same rules or command can be apply on Windows 2000
1. Click on Start menu, then click on Run to open the run command window.
Windows XP start menu
2. On the Open text box type in cmd and click OK button to start the Windows XP command interpreter.
Windows XP run command window
Windows XP command interpreter
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>
3.  To display routing table information on your Windows XP machine, type in 'route print' as shown on example below.
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>route print
===========================================================================
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8
0x3 ...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1
0x4 ...00 16 17 6c 38 31 ...... VIA Compatable Fast Ethernet Adapter - Packet Scheduler Miniport
0x5 ...00 11 67 25 56 41 ...... Bluetooth PAN Network Adapter - Packet Scheduler Miniport
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.15 20
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
169.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 30
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
192.168.1.11 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.12 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.15 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 5 1
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>

Display route command help

4.  To get more information or help on manipulating the routing table on Windows XP type in 'route /?' and then hit the Enter key as shown on the example below.
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>route /?
Manipulates network routing tables.
ROUTE [-f] [-p] [command [destination]
[MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric] [IF interface]
-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command.
-p When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across boots of the system. By default, routes are not preserved when the system is restarted. Ignored for all other commands, which always affect the appropriate persistent routes. This option is not supported in Windows 95.
command One of these:
PRINT Prints a route
ADD Adds a route
DELETE Deletes a route
CHANGE Modifies an existing route
destination Specifies the host.
MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the 'netmask' value.
netmask Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry.
If not specified, it defaults to 255.255.255.255.
gateway Specifies gateway.
interface the interface number for the specified route.
METRIC specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination.
All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network database file NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host name database file HOSTS.
If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard, (wildcard is specified as a star '*'), or the gateway argument may be omitted.
If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and only matching destination routes are printed. The '*' matches any string, and '?' matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*.
Diagnostic Notes:
Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST.
Example> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 155.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 IF 1
The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid. (Destination & Mask) != Destination.
Examples:
> route PRINT
> route ADD 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.1 METRIC 3 IF 2
         destination^      ^mask     ^gateway     metric^    ^
                                                    Interface^
If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given gateway.
> route PRINT
> route PRINT 157* .... Only prints those matching 157*
> route CHANGE 157.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 157.55.80.5 METRIC 2 IF 2
CHANGE is used to modify gateway and/or metric only.
> route PRINT
> route DELETE 157.0.0.0
> route PRINT
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>

Add persistent route on Windows XP

5.  The command example below show the route command to add persistent route (permanent static route)
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>route ADD -p 192.168.1.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
command explanations:
Windows XP persistent route explaination
6.  Verify the changes using 'route PRINT' command.
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>route PRINT
===========================================================================
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8
0x3 ...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1
0x4 ...00 16 17 6c 38 31 ...... VIA Compatable Fast Ethernet Adapter - Packet Scheduler Miniport
0x5 ...00 11 67 25 56 41 ...... Bluetooth PAN Network Adapter - Packet Scheduler Miniport
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.15 20
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
169.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 30
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 1
192.168.1.11 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.12 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.15 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 5 1
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
Network Address Netmask Gateway Address Metric
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 1
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>

Delete persistent route on Windows XP

7.  The example below show the example of route command use to delete or remove persistence route that we add on the Windows routing table on earlier example.
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>route DELETE 192.168.1.0
8.  To verify the changes made after we execute the command to delete the route, execute the 'route PRINT' command as show on the example below.
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>route PRINT
===========================================================================
Interface List
0x1 ........................... MS TCP Loopback interface
0x2 ...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8
0x3 ...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1
0x4 ...00 16 17 6c 38 31 ...... VIA Compatable Fast Ethernet Adapter - Packet Scheduler Miniport
0x5 ...00 11 67 25 56 41 ...... Bluetooth PAN Network Adapter - Packet Scheduler Miniport
===========================================================================
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.15 20
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 1
169.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 30
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
192.168.1.11 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.12 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.15 255.255.255.255 127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 20
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 20
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.11 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.12 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.15 1
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.15 5 1
Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
===========================================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>

Temporary route

   To temporarily add route on your Windows XP, just remove the -p on the persistent route command, as shown on the example below.
C:\Documents and Settings\Jason>route ADD 192.168.1.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1
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